Trip to Bowers Museum Essay Example For Students

Outing to Bowers Museum Essay My first experience to the Bowers Museum on Wednesday January 14, 2015 has been a rousing and illuminating visit. The models on the foremost of the exhibition hall in the â€Å"Sculpture Garden† were wonderful, including the drinking fountains adjusted straight creation it a quiet situation. The front anteroom woman was instructive and indicated me a guide of where everything is situated, just as the security watch there who said on the off chance that I required anything to tell him. In spite of the fact that I was making some troublesome memories strolling through the exhibition hall, since I am in a clinical strolling boot from a messed up foot. We will compose a custom article on Trip to Bowers Museum explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now I agreeably was propelled by each bit of fine art and ancient rarities I saw. I appreciated looking at the unimaginable Mandala work of art in the Leo Friedman Foundation Galleria, every one was with exactness. I visited the blessing shop which is legitimately opposite the Tangata Restaurant; the blessing shop offered an assortment of brilliant items. They have everything from antiquated history to introduce day. I was somewhat baffled since they had a couple of spots that were cut off because of upkeep and I couldnt see much in the historical center. I heard a lot of extraordinary promotion about Bowers Museum, and since I have never been here I figured I would check out it. I was astounded how little the gallery was, some show rooms were little contrasted with different displays. For example, the California Legacies: Missions and Ranchos, First Californians and Pre-Columbian Ceramics rooms were little with delightful discoveries however relatively few. I think on the off chance that they didn’t close off a couple of spots in the exhibition hall, I would have appreciated a greater amount of what they bring to the table. The principal room I saw when I strolled in the historical center is known as the Spirits and Headhunters: Art of the Pacific Islands, in this room were masterworks from social locales of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia. Generally centered around New Guinea, place that is known for the talent scout and the masterful conventions into every day and custom life. There were overwhelming covers, finely made dining experience bowls, Sepik River men’s house, shell and plume cash, devices of the shaman, weapons of fighting and murmur trophies gotten in revenge. The Wasekaseka Necklace from Fiji, Polynesia produced using Sperm whale tooth and fiber was one of my preferred things I saw there. Pacific Islanders wore this jewelry as an image of respect, riches and influence. These were individuals of high-status people who by and large got them as appreciation for a coalition or for their political help or as a token of solidarity. It was amazingly uncommon to get a whale stranded on shore in the eighteenth century. I was amazed to locate this out in light of the fact that I got an imitation of a wasekaseka from a companion of mine who is Samoan. The following display I ran over was a live with old ponies, the Stirrups of the Heian Period, 794-1185 AD in Japan made of iron and lacquered wood was intriguing. I am Japanese and this was something new to me, these stirrups yet additionally known as abumi, and the Japanese abumis show up rather clumsy, however would have spoken to an extraordinary jump forward for the mounted samurai. The shoe style of stirrup is obvious on the little incense burner as a pony. I knew the samurai’s been quick and could control their weapons while on the ponies. Yet, I never realized that it was a result of their shoe style stirrups. The following show I saw were West Mexican Ceramics which included one that I especially delighted in one piece since I am a canine sweetheart, the Comala Phase. Colima, West Mexico from 200 BC †A. D. 300 produced using terminated mud. The individuals of Colima made stoneware vessels as a little type of pooch called Xoloitzcuintli, regularly known as the Mexican smooth. It is accepted that frequently the canines were stuffed to be eaten at ceremonial blowouts in the event that they were not being utilized as guard dogs. Following this show I saw a few curios in a glass called The First Californians, there were perfect discoveries in here. A few discoveries I saw were basketry cap from the Gabrielino culture nineteenth century, Gabrielino is the Spanish name for the clan. The Spanish named the purported Mission Indians after the closest Catholic crucial. Gabrielino’s are known for their local bushel weaving and soapstone cutting. Incomplete soapstone sucking tube from the channel island culture 250-1700 A. D. which was utilized to make things of adornments, strict articles just as regular utilitarian relics. .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384 , .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384 .postImageUrl , .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384 , .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384:hover , .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384:visited , .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384:active { border:0!important; } .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384:active , .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384:hover { mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enhancement: underline; } .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384 .focus ed content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u119d0182b4fde748db03d7babdaf8384:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: A Study on Customer Satisfaction with Pantaloons EssayThe tube was proposed to be a shaman’s recuperating tube used to suck maladies from a patient. There was likewise rock precious stones from the channel island culture from 250-1600 A. D. I currently comprehend why my auntie gathered such huge numbers of rock precious stones as a result of their importance. The main show I saw was in the California Legacies: Missions and Ranchos room. The plan of the show and the history behind each piece was appropriately clarified. At the point when I strolled through the room, an accomplished docent summed up a bunch of pieces to me with respect to what perio d and who the curios had a place with and how it was utilized. On the correct side of this room, closer to the center against the divider, I went over the principal antique that stood out enough to be noticed. The principal curio was known as a â€Å"Mission Indians dispatch pouch† from 1780-1820. This dispatch pocket is carefully assembled with calfskin and California mountain bear hide. These dispatch pockets were utilized to convey messages starting with one strategic then onto the next by Native American sprinters. The Native American sprinters were picked by the mission padres for their speed and endurance. To be the carrier of strict regulation was viewed as an amazing privilege. Numerous local people groups who changed over to Christianity got known as â€Å"Mission Indians† regardless of their inborn association. The Mission Indians is a term for indigenous people groups of California, living in beach front fields, nearby inland valleys and mountains and on the Channel Islands in focal and southern California. These clans set up quiet societies from 250 to 8,000 years before Spanish contact. In 1769 the Spanish Franciscan crucial implicit San Diego and nearby clans were migrated and recruited into constrained work on the mission from San Diego to San Francisco. A large number of these clans kicked the bucket from infections, starvation, over work and torment. Very a significant number of the clans were coercively changed over and sanctified through water as Roman Catholics by the Franciscan preachers at the missions. The clans spoke to were, Pomo, Hupa, Yokuts, Miwok, Maidu, Wintun, Shasta, Karok, Yurik, Costanoan, Salinan, Chumash, Cahuilla, Chemehuevi, Panamint and Mono. The following piece that grabbed my eye was the foundation from grijalva adobe, which is situated in the Missions and Ranchos room towards the center of the room. This foundation is from 1800 and was the primary adobe building and the main mainstream working in Orange County outside the constraints of Mission San Juan Capistrano. Wear Juan Pablo Grijalva was a warrior, pilgrim, farmer and pioneer who came to California with the Anza endeavor in 1775. During that time there were just five missions, two presidios and a solitary Rancho of 120 square yards. Wear Juan Pablo Grijalva made the first Rancho in what became Orange County. Juan Pablo Grijalva was second corporal of the Presidio Terrenate when selected by Juan Bautista de Anza as Sergeant of the Expedition to Alta California. Only outside of the Missions and Ranchos room, I saw a chimney with a Comal dangling from its left half. This �

Case Study on a Day Care Essay Example for Free

Contextual analysis on a Day Care Essay At the point when couples are participating in family arranging, there are a few things that they need to contemplate. One such thing is the consideration of the kid or youngsters when it is the ideal opportunity for them to come back to work. A typical alternative throughout the years has been that of the day care or kid care focus. Guardians today are understanding the significance of childcare focuses in their children’s advancement. They are searching for childcare focuses that not exclusively will deal with their kid while they are away yet additionally will give quality, genuine learning openings and encounters. These learning openings will guarantee that youngsters are readied for their scholastic life in school as well as for genuine circumstances outside the childcare community and their own homes. There are five essential classes of day cares: Child care focuses, instructive day care, family day care, non-benefit day care and sponsored day care. A youngster care focus is an enormous day-care supplier and is frequently diversified under a brand name. They frequently have broad offices, including pools and huge play areas. They additionally give day care to numerous ages separated into littler gatherings by age. Instructive day cares are proposed to furnish kids with pre-school learning and aptitudes to set up her for kindergarten or primary school. They endeavor to furnish youngsters with adjusted profound, physical, mental and passionate help to set them up for lifes challenges. A family day care is given in the parental figures home, as a rule with the suppliers kids present. They give a recognizable and happy with setting for your youngster. A family day care regularly is littler than different sorts of day care. Non-benefit day cares are controlled by non-benefit associations, for example, houses of worship or places of worship. They at times incorporate strict tutoring and are regularly more reasonable than different sorts of day care on account of their non-benefit status. Sponsored day care programs are those that give monetary help either through the administrative or state government or a business. The day care visited by bunch five, was an instructive childcare. The childcare obliges kids between three (3) months and three (3) years of age. Toward the start of September, there were an aggregate of forty (40) kids. Right now, there are twenty-six (26) youngsters there. Space and Equipment The day care is spotless and sterile. There is no trash lying around, floors are perfect as they are continually wiped when wrecks are made. The kitchen is sufficiently enormous to encourage the free development when 2-3 people are in there making food arrangements. It is additionally away from the regions where diapers are changed and away from the restroom. Plainly incredible thought was taken with respect to nasty climate, as the space in the day care is sufficiently huge to isolate resting kids from playing kids and the individuals who are learning. The region is enormous enough for everybody to play when they can't go outside despite the fact that the tables where they have their suppers are there. There are five smoke alarms all through the structure, a fire help unit and a fire quencher that are deliberately puts. Standard childproofing procedures are used, (secured outlets, wellbeing entryways, entryway locks). The middle is secure, having a bell that is working and in this way, outsiders can't simply stroll in from the boulevards. The structure is appropriately lit and ventilated and entryways are put deliberately also to encourage crisis exit if important. There is transient parking spot at the front for guardians and watchmen who come to drop off and get their kids. Caregivers’ Credentials/Qualifications Because the parental figures are relied upon to make a sheltered and invigorating condition for the kids to create in, it is significant that the staff get formal preparing that will furnish them with the instruments important to do as such. All the individuals from staff are qualified. The capabilities held are shifted. There are individuals from staff who have Level 1 and 2 Certificates in Early Childhood Care and Development from HEART Trust NTA. Other capability held by staff is a Certificate in Practical Nursing and Heart care and a Diploma in Early Childhood Teacher Education. Program Activities At this phase of the child’s advancement, it is essential to have exercises that connect with the children’s minds and create abilities that will be required in further learning. At the day care, there is an organized calendar that incorporates a lot of time for physical action, calm time (counting every day perusing meetings for gatherings and people), bunch exercises, singular exercises, dinners, bites, and leisure time. The exercises spread the term of time that the youngsters are at the day care from the snapshot of appearance to the hour of flight. The physical exercises come in changed structures including music development (move) and play time-open air play and free play. Free play is for the kids to do whatever they want to do, regardless of whether it is participating in inventive play with their little companions or without anyone else, playing with toys, or glancing through their image books. Outside, there is a slide, a swing, a monkey bar and a few tires for the kids to slither through. Gathering exercises incorporate a few parts of the physical exercises and story time, just as their shifted imaginative, manipulative exercises. Such innovative/manipulative exercises incorporate finger painting, drawing, and making things out of mud batter. This is finished with the help of the staff. A great deal of the narratives are made up dependent on a progression of pictures that are taped to the di viders of the childcare. Parental figures likewise connect with the kids in picture games. The youngsters structure a ring and are indicated pictures that they are to distinguish. The individuals who accurately recognize the photos get an additional treat at feast time. They are likewise trained nursery rhymes, for example, â€Å"hey diddle diddle†, and â€Å"itsy bitsy spider† and the letters in order melody. There are assigned occasions for snacks, and different suppers. They don't permit the kids to eat directly for the duration of the day however empower the propensity for eating at interims. There is additionally assigned naptime and calm time for the youngsters. The exercises are fitting as they are with regards to Piaget’s hypothesis of psychological turn of events. In the sensorimotor phase of psychological turn of events, which is the principal stage, Piaget focuses on the significance of disclosure through a child’s dynamic collaboration with nature. Among birth and age two (2), youngsters find the world utilizing their faculties and engine movement since they are constrained by their failure to utilize language or images at this stage. Along these lines, the hands on exercises that they are occupied with, assists with improving subjective improvement at this stage. Educator kid Relationships According to Erikson’s psychosocial hypothesis of advancement, trust is recognized as the primary major formative undertaking of youth, and is set up in childrens first relationship with their guardians, guardians and instructors. Trust is the first pre-essential for successful learning. It empowers a feeling of prosperity and passionate security in small kids, making a strong establishment for future gaining from the dynamic encounters of adolescence. Without the help of early trust associations with caring grown-ups, kids are sick prepared to take the sorts of hazard basic to the learning procedure. Trust creates when kids come to foresee positive encounters in the youngster care settings. On the off chance that trust is to create, youngsters need touchy and discerning parental figures that comprehend childrens needs and reliably offer delicate, responsive consideration. Having gotten formal preparing to deal with the youngsters, they have a comprehension of the significance of their cooperations with the kids and in this manner treat the kids appropriately. It is apparent that the youngsters trust their guardians as they lovingly allude to them as â€Å"Auntie† and comforting grin light up their modest countenances at whatever point they see the individuals from staff stroll through the entryway. The staff plays with the youngsters during their recess. There is expeditious responsiveness to the cries or upheavals of the youngsters and consolation is given when the newborn child is crying, aside from in situations when the kid is pitching a fit. In such occurrences, the newborn child is addressed solidly however tenderly. The proportion of instructor to kid is 1: 6. Be that as it may, the overseers attempt to share their considerations equally among the youngsters. They will in general gathering the kids together when they are communicating with them so none is forgotten about. There were showings of encouraging feedback from the parental figures. At the point when a youngster didn't care for what was set up for them to eat, the person in question was urged into eating by the utilization of different techniques, one of which was to imagine that the spoonful of food was a plane stacked with comforts. The kid was commended when the person would bite the food and swallow it. The parental figure would likewise compensate the youngster with the choice of having their juice before the water if the food was eaten. A feeling of independence is recognized as the second major formative undertaking of youth and is created when a youngster is permitted to rehearse recently obtained physical aptitudes. At the childcare, the youngsters are urged to get things done for themselves. There are little children who like to take care of themselves, despite the fact that they make somewhat of a wreck when they do. Regardless, they are permitted to do as such. They are urged to get after themselves and along these lines go around getting toys when they are finished playing. During outside play, the more seasoned and more grounded kids are permitted to climb the playground equipment without anyone else with the ‘Auntie’ drifting close by to give help in the event that it is required. Suggestions A decent day care is one that has a decent notoriety. Nobody will wan

How to Prepare for a Job Interview

How to Prepare for a Job Interview If any time soon you are having a job interview, then this post is for you â€" as it will show you how to impress your hiring manager and come out as a preferred candidate for the vacancy.Job interviews are a tough nut to crack and it is not easy to make a terrific impression on the recruiter with just your qualifications and extra-curricular activities. There are many other things that you might not be aware of and we are going to highlight them in this article.In this time and day, people start preparing for the big interview weeks before the actual day. Mental preparation for the job interview is essential as for every other competition.According to experts, the candidates should visualize how the interview would go before attending it. This ensures that they are confident when answering the actual interview’s questionsâ€" putting them in the lead for winning the job post.No worries if you feel a small edginess before the interview it can be helpful because it makes you feel mo re energized and alerted. However, too much anxiety can be dangerous if you do not manage to put your nerves under control during the interview.For getting out of the tense mood, you can use some popular methods like listening to soothing sounds and practice deep breathing. You can also follow the following top 20 tips for successful job interview. 20 BEST TIPS FOR SUCCESS IN YOUR NEXT JOB INTERVIEWIt takes a lot of time and research to learn about the company, their background, values, and future plans, as well as to assume the interview questions the interviewers might ask, and their requirements for the new team member.But in order to leave a good impression on your first encounter with the hiring manager, you are required to know certain things ahead of the interview, such as the dress code, basic information about the company and their competitors, knowledge about the product or services they are offering, etc.Hence, to aid you in getting fully prepared, we have made a list of the 20 best pre-interview tips that should assist you with bringing your best game to the job interview appointment. This list includes almost everything from the dress code to how to deal with particular questions they might ask you.1. Learn about the company Before going for the interview, learn everything that you can find out about the company like the number of branches it has, the kind of work it does, the geographical area it covers, etc.You can use many sources for this, such as the Internet, the company’s website, latest news releases and talking to your family and friends who might have heard about the employer.It happens frequently that candidates look only at the data that the company is publishing through its social media and website, but forget about inquiring people directly and personally.They might have information that is not published anywhere yet and this might make you stand out in the interview â€" it will show the potential employer that you went the extra m ile to get familiar with the company.2. Read the company’s and its employees’ blogs  (if there are any)To get a sense of what the company does and what the employees do, read the blogs of the company and the people working for it.Also, to figure out what the company wants from you or from its employees, read the Facebook page and the ‘tweets’ of the company’s Twitter account. The tone of the content of those blogs speaks a lot about the company’s organizational culture.3. Chat with the company’s current employees But not with the higher authorities (as this might be seen as pressure them into awarding the job to you). It is better if you chat with the employees of the company that you can reach easier.For example, if the employer has its stores, you can walk in one of them and ask the salespersons there how they like working for the company. If the employer has a Customer Call Centre â€" you can also call there and speak to one of the phone operators.4. Find out how th e company’s ex-employees rated their ex-employer There are few online platforms that can let you know about the company in a broader sense. The site has the reviews from the former as well as some of the current employees of the company.They talk about their experience working for your potential future employer, their work culture, etc. However, always take those reviews as a guide and not as a fact.5. Know the role your work will play in the company If you are selected you will be working in a certain area of the companyâ€" for example, in sales, marketing, IT, engineering or something else. Use the product or service that you will be working with before your first interview so that you can know how to increase the value of that product.For example, if you are applying for a sales job, you should know about the product that the company is selling and then try to find ways to increase the sales of that product.6. Familiarize yourself with your interviewers’ profiles If you have the name/s of the person/s who will have the interview with you then look up their name/s on the company’s website, on LinkedIn or elsewhere on the Internet.Learn about those people, for example â€" their educational or career background and their hobbies. Look for things that you might have in common with them, so you can relate to them during the interview.Then you can bring up a common interest that they have outside the office, discuss any current event related to their expertise, and ask them for details about their area of professional focus.7. Practice some case and brainteaser questions Some companies give you brainteaser questions or case questions to find out how you will face different situations while there are some companies that will give you a standard set of typical interview questions.It is completely alright to contact the HR or the recruiter to ask about the interview format before the interview day. After finding out the interview format, you can start investin g your time in prepping for those questions.8. Refresh your skills and accomplishments Note down all your skills and accomplishments and collect all the related certificates so that you can show them at the time of interview.Spend some of your time thinking about the most common interview questions like “How will you contribute towards the progress of the company?”.In addition to this, take some time out to think about your management and creative abilities. Design a formula on how to answer the question “Tell us about yourself” because this is a question that they will almost certainly ask you. You must be sure to bring your A game in the interview with its answer.9. Know your strengths as well as weaknesses You must know all your weaknesses by now, but you should not tell all about each one of them to the hiring managers. However, do not be thrown off by the old question “What is your biggest weakness?”.The best way to answer this question is thinking of something that you have an issue with but are currently working on improving it.For example, if you are struggling with public speaking but are taking Toastmasters classes for the past few months or if you have volunteered to help others to overcome their fear of public speaking, then you can discuss it as your weakness.10. Study the most common interview questions There are common interview questions that can easily be found on the Internet. Jot down a few bullet points or a few notes on these questions to be prepared for the interview. 11. Have some numbers and percentages ready to share Now, there is one thing that can easily impress the hiring managers or your recruiters and that is numbers. Find some percentages, quotas, numbers or increases that you can use while talking about your accomplishments and responsibilities because it will let the hiring manager know that you do not take anything lightly.Another question that the recruiter might ask is “What would you bring to the position?” and you have to answer this question in a smart way. Look in the mirror and ask yourself this question. Answer this question in the best possible way while giving away some of your accomplishments.In addition to this, make some bullet points on your vision for the company, how your work can improve the condition of the business, etc. This will help in clarifying your thoughts and make you much more comfortable during the actual interview.12. Practice a job interview with a friend Another thing that can really help you before the interview is doing a mock interview with a friend. If you answer the question “Tell me about yourself” for the 10th time, it will be much better than the first time.Hence, ask your friend to do a mock interview with you and allow them to ask you questions that they think your hiring manager can ask you. This will help with boosting your confidence for the real interview.13. Prepare the interview outfit the day before your interview Decide on the perfect interview outfit before going for the interview. Companies that have a professional or business casual dress code would want you to look conservative and basic for the first interview.In case you are not sure what you should wear, you can ask your friends or contacts who work at that company to find out what they wore during their interview.Another alternative â€" if you do not have any such contacts â€" is hanging out at a café across the street a week few days before your interview and taking a glimpse of what employees at the company wear.In addition to this, make sure that your interview dress is freshly washed, pressed and tailored.Often, you have your interview outfit sitting in your closet for a couple of months or even years and you just dust it off for a job interview â€" but please do not do the same if you want to impress the hiring manager.14. Remember the small things Check for loose hems on your interview clothing, shine your shoes, manicure your fingernails and comb your hair properly. You may think that people would not notice these little things but they actually do and will make their judgments of you partly based on that.Also, if you think you need a little pampering like a new interview outfit, razor shave, a haircut, or a facial treatment, then do it. Feeling good about how you look can make you feel more confident than before.15. Make your reference list Make a reference list whether you think that you will be asked for it or not. Also, print out at least five copies of your resume because you never know whom you will be meeting and you have to make sure your resume is ready and with you at all times.16. Compile an interview kit Always have your interview kit ready and with you at all times. The interview kit â€" besides the few extra resumes mentioned above â€" should also have items like a notepad, a breath mint, a stain stick, Band-Aids, pens, pencils, a notepad, etc.17. Organize your bag This point is for candidates who carry purses or briefcases totheir job interviews, regardless of their gender. Clean your bag before the interview.Search for any candy wrappers, old receipts and other unnecessary items that should not even be there. Other things that are important but may look messy like phone chargers should be kept in an organized manner.18. Study the current news affairs Before going for the interview, study the current topics popular in the mainstream media. There is a big chance that your hiring manager may ask you questions related to it and it will reflect on your knowledge about current events.19. Become aware of your body language Do not be someone else on the interview seat, be yourself. Changing your body language can communicate bad stance and posture to the interviewer which is not good for you.20. Sleep sufficient Do not lay awake all night before your interview day. A good sleep is very important and in case you are unable to sleep, drink a warm glass of milk, listen to soothing music and try yo ur best to get a good night sleep. THE 5-STEP INTERVIEW PREP GUIDEWe have made a 5-step interview preparation guide in order to help you with bagging the job you like. This interview prep guide has all information from what to bring to a job interview to how to research about the company to how to dress appropriately.The guide will cover all the important points of the interview and help you in securing the job. This prep guide will assist you in answering questions and stand out among the other less-prepared candidates. How to find out the type of interview you are going for â€" There are several kinds of interviews popular these days, namely group, behavioral and one on one interview. In the one on one interview, a single hiring manager sits in the interviewer chair and asks you questions whereas, in the group interview, there can be two or more than two hiring managers. You should not assume that you would get a certain type of interview. What you can do is ask the company what t ype of interview they will be conducting. The best is to ask them when they call to schedule or confirm the interview. Otherwise, you should call the HR department and politely ask them this. How to greet your hiring manager â€" You should always greet your hiring manager with a firm handshake and a friendly smile. If you do these two things in the right manner, you will set off the right attitude and energy towards the interviewer. This is a very simple and small step for gaining the attention of the recruiter. How to present your resume â€" It is very important that you know what is written on your resume before you show it to your interviewer. They will ask about your skills, education, accomplishments and other quantified results that you have listed on your resume and it is only expected that you know about all of them. Do not add any fake information on the resume because that may cost you the chance to have an interview for the same company ever again in the future. How to be have â€" Be on your best behavior during the interview. Do not try to be too smart or play overconfident because the hiring manager wants you to be yourself and not someone you are pretending to be. Also, be honest during the interview and do not talk about accomplishments you do have not achieved. How to question the interviewer â€" If there is any query that you have about the company and if you cannot find the answer to it from other secondary sources then ask it during the interview. This shows how serious you are about the job. Also, it looks good if you go with your own intelligent questions for the interview. It shows that you have put some effort while preparing for the big interview. However, note that the questions you ask should hold some relevance and should be genuine. Asking irrelevant questions can have the negative effect on the recruiter.THINGS TO NOTE JUST BEFORE GOING FOR THE INTERVIEWYou must find out few things before going to your job interviews, such as the di rections to the place of interview, the type of interview you are going to have, and the exacttime for the interview, among other things.Few days before going for the interview take some time out to clear few things such how is the traffic in the area around the time of your interview, what is the fastest and safest way to get there, etc. Make a list of these questions and when you have the answer, tick them.It is okay to reach the interview place 10 minutes before the actual interview time but no sooner than that. Hence, if you do get there more than 10 minutes before, it would be better if you sit outside in your car or in a nearby café for a little while. In case you get lost or if you are going to be late, bring the phone number of the recruiter and inform them â€" make sure you have enough battery on your mobile phone when you leave your house.Further, you can try out pre-employment assessments before attending the job interview. You can take the free pre-employment assessment s on the Internet for free. These small practice tests can assist you in being more comfortable during the interview when it is finally your turn to be in the hot seat.The hiring managers can easily tell whether a candidate has prepared for the job interview or not, hence follow these simple tips. Your hiring manager will appreciate your efforts and might even offer you the job because of that! TO SUM UPLastly, you must always be positive and think good things while going for the job interview. Both career experts and the psychological experts agree that being positive helps in boosting your energy and self-confidence.Always think about and practice what you really want to happen as it calms you down and makes you feel on top of the world â€" optimistic, confident and sure of yourself. Go and smash that interview!

Martin Luther King and Malcom X Construing the Courageous

MLK and X: Construing the Courageous Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X are equally categorized as courageous individuals; however the thoughts, actions, and beliefs as evidenced in their writings demonstrate that each chose a path opposite the other in exhibiting courageous actions. Through Martin Luther King Jr.’ speech, I’ve Been to the Mountain Top and Malcom X’s By any Means Necessary, we observe the steps that each of these Black Activist Leaders took in order to grasp the attention of African-Americans all while achieving results in moving the Black community upward toward equality. Martin Luther King Jr. showed courage when no one else showed courage – in patience. In his speech I’ve Been to the Mountaintop, he delivers his message in a preacher’s style that gives hope and promises for a new beginning for those who have been oppressed. He speaks with true courage and warns his followers that it is not the time for complacency or waiting for change to happen, it is everyone’s responsibility to act and bring about the change that is needed. â€Å"Be concerned about your brother. You may not be on strike. But either we go up together, or we go down together.† He speaks of power in numbers and demonstrates that a large group of people who work courageously in an organized and systematic fashion with the same goals and beliefs can change the thinking and the way society functions. â€Å"That’s power right there, if we know how to pool it.† King overall was a

African History and Culture

Impact of Television on Presidential Elections Free Essays

string(87) " television news reports or the candidate’s own television ads \(Kraus, 1988, p\." Impact of Television on Presidential Elections The Impact of Television on Presidential Elections: The aim of this paper is to look at the relationship between the mass media, specifically television, and presidential elections. This paper will focus on the function of television in presidential elections through three main areas: exit polls, presidential debates, and spots. The focus is on television for three reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Television on Presidential Elections or any similar topic only for you Order Now First, television reaches more voters than any other medium. Second, television attracts the greatest part of presidential campaign budgets. Third, television provides the candidates a good opportunity to contact the people directly. A second main theme of this paper is the role of television in presidential elections in terms of representative democracy in the United States. Researchers tend to hold one of three views about television’s influence on voters. Some believe that television affects voters in the short run, for example in an election campaign. Another group of researchers believes that television has a great influence on voters over time and that television’s impact on voters is a continuous process from one campaign to the next. Others stand between the two views or combine both. In the last three decades, polls became an important instrument for the media, especially television networks, to determine who wins and who loses the election. Caprini conducted a study about the impact of the early prediction of a winner in the 1980 presidential race by the television networks. He observed that, shortly after 8 p. m. Eastern standard time, NBC announced that, according to its analysis of exit poll data, Ronald Reagan was to be the next president of the United States (Caprini, 1984, p. 866). That early call was controversial because the polls in many states were still open at the time and, in some of the western states, would remain open for several hours. Caprini ended his study with the following conclusion:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Voting for the Republican candidate was completely unaffected by the early call, with precall and postcall districts varying from their normal patterns in exactly the same amount and direction. The Democratic vote, however, declined 3. 1 percent more in the postcall districts than in the precall districts (p. 874). This result suggests that the NBC prediction did have an impact on the election. Additionally, this result supports the impact of the media on political behavior. Some experts argue that rates of voting in the western states are not affected by early projections. Strom and Epstein argue that the decline in western states’ turnouts is not a result of the early projections by the networks but is the result of a complicated combination of factors, none of which is related to information received on election day (Epstein and Strom, 1981, pp. 479-489). This argument denies the influence of polls on the voting turnout in the first place, and it denies the impact of media on political behavior. Other researchers look at the issue of exit polls from a legal perspective. Floyd Abrams, a First Amendment lawyer, supports the constitutional rights of the media and says their exercising of their rights should not be restricted, even if that influences the voters:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Once it becomes a legal issue, even people who believe that projections are harmful, or that exit polls are sometimes misused, should unite and say that the law should not be used to stop people from exercising their constitutional rights even if we happen to disagree with the way that they are using them (Abrams, 1985, p. 8). These different viewpoints represent two sides, the public and the media. Few researchers believe that exit polls have no effect on voting behavior. The majority of researchers believe that exit polls and early projections of the presidential elections do influence voters, but they disagree to what extent. The most persuasive reason to include televised debates in presidential campaigns is that voters want them. Voters find something in televised debates that confirms their previously held support for a candidate or helps them to decide whom to support. So television debates are now part of the political landscape. However, one expert has written that, even after the Bush-Dukakis debate, thus making four campaigns in a row to include debates, he would not predict continuation: â€Å"there are too many points at which disagreement might scuttle the whole plan† (Mickelson, 1989, p. 164). Stephen Hess in his book, The Presidential Campaign, observes that:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While some contend that televised debates of 1960 and 1976 elected John Kennedy and Jimmy Carter, those elections were so close that any single factor – including debates – could have been said to have made the difference (Hess, 1988, p. 76). Debates give people an opportunity to learn about those who will be president. This is probably the most positive thing to come out of the televised debates. People build their images about the candidates through their stands on the issues. For the 1960 ebates, Katz and Feldman reviewed studies:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As far as issues are concerned, the debates seem to have (a) made some issues more salient rather than others (the issues made salient, of course, may or may not have been the most important ones); (b) caused some people to learn where the candidates stand (including the stand of the opposition candidate); (c) effected very few chan ges of opinions on issues; and (d) focused more on presentation and personality than on issues (Katz and Feldman, 1962, pp. 173-223). This conclusion shows the importance of â€Å"psychological factors† in voting. As technology develops, researchers try to determine its impact on voting behavior. Technicians use advanced techniques during the presidential debates to get the viewers’ attention. The most impressive effect of the presidential debates is its impact on voters compared to that of other televised political communication in presidential campaigns. In a 1983 study of 2,530 voting-age Americans, ABC News and the John F. Kennedy School of Government noted that voters and non-voters agree that debates are more helpful in deciding whom to vote for than either television news reports or the candidate’s own television ads (Kraus, 1988, p. You read "Impact of Television on Presidential Elections" in category "Papers" 28). So it is obvious that such debates will have some impact on the outcome of the elections. Presidential debates are controlled by the candidates in several ways: the decision about whether to participate, the approval of areas of discussion, and the refusal to d ebate without panelists (p. 142). The 1988 debates were actually just joint appearances by Bush and Dukakis answering reporters’ questions in two-minute and one-minute segments (Mickelson, 1989, p. 164). The year 1952 witnessed the emergence of the televised spot commercial in politics. The spot is a very short ad designed to convey a specific point or image without going into depth on issues or providing much detail. Since that time, spot commercials have been a main part of presidential campaigns. Joe McGinniss, an expert on campaigns, noticed the importance of the political ads:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is not surprising then, that politicians and advertising men should have discovered one another. And, once they recognized that the citizen did not so much vote for a candidate as make a psychological purchase of him, not surprising that they began to work together (McGinniss, 1969, p. 27). The goals of spots are converting the voters and keeping the committed in line. Also, spots can encourage the voters to go out and vote on the basis of their commitments (Diamond and Bates, 1984, p. 352). These goals are related to the short-term influences of television on voting behavior because spots appear in the last weeks of the campaign. They could make a difference in the outcome of the presidential election. The goals are also related to the long-term influences of television on voting behavior because young voters today have been raised with television and they perceive the political process through the media. The evidence supports the idea that spots, more than anything else, could make a difference in the outcome of the presidential elections. Sidney Kraus makes this point in the book, Televised Presidential Debates:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It came as a surprise to almost everyone in the broadcasting industry to find a major study of the 1972 presidential race (conducted by two political scientists) concluding that voters learned more about Richard Nixon and George McGovern from political spots than they did from the combined nightly newscasts of the networks† (Kraus, 1988, p. 17). Kathleen Jamieson agrees: . . . political advertising is now the major means by which candidates for presidency communicate their messages to voters . . . Unsurprisingly, the spot add is the most used and the most viewed of the available forms of advertising (Jamieson, 1984, p. 446). On the other hand, others argue that spots are not providing the voters good information about the candidates. Theodore Lowi supports that position:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since the brief commercials are built on impressions rather than logic, â€Å"instant replay† benefits the sender, not the receiver (Lowi, 1985, p. 4). Others describe these spots as selling candidates like any other product. These experts ask whether presidential campaigns should be run on marketing principles or political tactics, whether the best candidate or the most telegenic performer wins, whether money can buy enough media to buy elections (Lowi, 1985, p. 65). The emergence of spots has been particularly upsetting to those who believe that political campaigns should inform the voters, not manipulate the opinions of the voters. The growing role of television in the presidential elections and its effects on the public gives rise to an important question: Is this phenomenon healthy for democracy in the United States? Television became an important factor in the election process for several reasons: the decline of political parties, which had been the most important factor; (Wattenberg, 1986, p. 108) developing technology, which provided new opportunities for political television, like spots and debates; and, as a consequence of the decline of political parties, decreasing voter turnout in presidential elections since 1960. For example, only 53. 3 percent of the eligible citizens voted in 1984, the lowest since 1948. This is the same period during which the amount of money spent on televised political advertising tripled (in constant dollars) (Diamond, 1984, p. 352). Experts disagree about how television should function in a democratic society. Proponents see television as part of political socialization, and they believe that voters have profited from the presidential debates and political ads. Proponents do, however, suggest particular improvements in presidential debates. Kraus suggests the following:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Campaign Act of 1971 provides a tax check off to help finance campaigns in presidential general elections, and since the public want presidential debates those who receive funds should debate. Candidates may refuse to debate, but they would not receive public funds (Kraus, 1988, p. 154). Others defend television from a legal perspective. Floyd Abrams defends exit polls as follows:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Once it becomes legal issue, even people who believe that projections are harmful . . . should write and say that the law should not be used to stop people from exercising their constitutional rights (Abrams, 1985, p. 8). Opponents look at television as a harmful factor in the democratic process of electing a president. According to one expert, â€Å"The promise [of] television . . . has collapsed in an era dominated by packaged campaigns and avoidance of issues (Mickelson, 1989, p. 167). Others see the media as the main cause of the d ecline of political parties, which were supposed to be intermediary between the government and the people in a representative democracy, and they believe the decline of the parties will increase the gap between the government and the people. Also, they see the media as a part of the political elite in the United States. Edward Greenberg noticed this point:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most importantly, the mass media are themselves parts of gigantic corporate empires and, while a few among them may experience an occasional episode of â€Å"muckraking† these media are firmly, in the long run, entrenched in the camp of the powerful (Greenberg, 1986, p. 22). Regulations are necessary to control some of the bad effects of the media, particularly television. Exit polls could be regulated so that East Coast poll results are not announced until the last poll on the West Coast closes. Participation in presidential debates should be required of candidates who want to receive campaign funds. Spots should have more regulations than the previous two areas because the candidates use spots to attack each other. For example, in the 1988 elections, George Bush had one spot in which he rode a yacht through Boston Harbor to show that Michael Dukakis is not an environmentalist and which appeared many times during the last days of the campaign (Mickelson, 1989, p. 162). The public got the impression that Dukakis is not concerned about the environment. Spots should be based on facts. This paper demonstrates that the mass media, particularly television, have a great effect on presidential elections. Analyzing exit polls, presidential debates, and spots shows that television does affect the voters and the voting turnout in the United States. Scholars agree on the effects of television on presidential races; however, they disagree on the extent to which television has affected voting behavior and the voters. Television emphasized the decline of political parties in the last four decades. Although some experts believe television in presidential elections is healthy, others believe it is harmful to democracy, increasing the gap between the government and the people. The negative effects of political television on democracy can be eliminated through regulations. Such regulations could permit political television without its dangers. References Abrams, Floyd. (1985, Spring). Press practices, polling restrictions, public opinion and first amendment guarantees. Public Opinion Quarterly 49 (1): pp. 15-18. Caprini, Michael X. Delli. (1984, August). Scooping the voters? The consequences of the networks’ early call of the 1980 Presidential race. Journal of Politics 46: pp. 866-85. Diamond, Edwin, and Stephen Bates. (1984). The Spot. Massachusetts: MIT Press. Epstein, Laurily R. , and Gerald Strorn. October 1981). Election night projections and west coast turn out. American Politics Quarterly 9 (4): pp. 479-91. Greenberg, S. Edward. (1986). The American political system: A radical approach. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. Hess, Stephen. (1988). The Presidential campaign. Washington D. C. : The Brookings Institute. Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. (1984 ). Packaging the Presidency: A history and criticism of Presidential campaign advertising. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Katz, Elihu, and Jacob J. Feldman. (1962). The debates in the light of research: A survey of surveys. In The Great Debates, ed. Sidney Kraus. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 173-223. Kraus, Sidney. (1988). Televised Presidential debates, and public policy. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Lowi, Theodore J. (1985). The personal President: Power invested promise unfulfilled. Ithaca, New York: Cornell   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  University Press. Mcginniss, Joe. (1969). The selling of the President 1968. New York: Trident Press. Mickelson, Sig. (1989). From whistle stop to sound bite: Four decades of politics and television. New York: Praeger. Wattenberg, Martin P. (1986). The decline of American political parties 1952-1984. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. How to cite Impact of Television on Presidential Elections, Papers Impact of Television on Presidential Elections Free Essays string(87) " television news reports or the candidate’s own television ads \(Kraus, 1988, p\." Impact of Television on Presidential Elections The Impact of Television on Presidential Elections: The aim of this paper is to look at the relationship between the mass media, specifically television, and presidential elections. This paper will focus on the function of television in presidential elections through three main areas: exit polls, presidential debates, and spots. The focus is on television for three reasons. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Television on Presidential Elections or any similar topic only for you Order Now First, television reaches more voters than any other medium. Second, television attracts the greatest part of presidential campaign budgets. Third, television provides the candidates a good opportunity to contact the people directly. A second main theme of this paper is the role of television in presidential elections in terms of representative democracy in the United States. Researchers tend to hold one of three views about television’s influence on voters. Some believe that television affects voters in the short run, for example in an election campaign. Another group of researchers believes that television has a great influence on voters over time and that television’s impact on voters is a continuous process from one campaign to the next. Others stand between the two views or combine both. In the last three decades, polls became an important instrument for the media, especially television networks, to determine who wins and who loses the election. Caprini conducted a study about the impact of the early prediction of a winner in the 1980 presidential race by the television networks. He observed that, shortly after 8 p. m. Eastern standard time, NBC announced that, according to its analysis of exit poll data, Ronald Reagan was to be the next president of the United States (Caprini, 1984, p. 866). That early call was controversial because the polls in many states were still open at the time and, in some of the western states, would remain open for several hours. Caprini ended his study with the following conclusion:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Voting for the Republican candidate was completely unaffected by the early call, with precall and postcall districts varying from their normal patterns in exactly the same amount and direction. The Democratic vote, however, declined 3. 1 percent more in the postcall districts than in the precall districts (p. 874). This result suggests that the NBC prediction did have an impact on the election. Additionally, this result supports the impact of the media on political behavior. Some experts argue that rates of voting in the western states are not affected by early projections. Strom and Epstein argue that the decline in western states’ turnouts is not a result of the early projections by the networks but is the result of a complicated combination of factors, none of which is related to information received on election day (Epstein and Strom, 1981, pp. 479-489). This argument denies the influence of polls on the voting turnout in the first place, and it denies the impact of media on political behavior. Other researchers look at the issue of exit polls from a legal perspective. Floyd Abrams, a First Amendment lawyer, supports the constitutional rights of the media and says their exercising of their rights should not be restricted, even if that influences the voters:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Once it becomes a legal issue, even people who believe that projections are harmful, or that exit polls are sometimes misused, should unite and say that the law should not be used to stop people from exercising their constitutional rights even if we happen to disagree with the way that they are using them (Abrams, 1985, p. 8). These different viewpoints represent two sides, the public and the media. Few researchers believe that exit polls have no effect on voting behavior. The majority of researchers believe that exit polls and early projections of the presidential elections do influence voters, but they disagree to what extent. The most persuasive reason to include televised debates in presidential campaigns is that voters want them. Voters find something in televised debates that confirms their previously held support for a candidate or helps them to decide whom to support. So television debates are now part of the political landscape. However, one expert has written that, even after the Bush-Dukakis debate, thus making four campaigns in a row to include debates, he would not predict continuation: â€Å"there are too many points at which disagreement might scuttle the whole plan† (Mickelson, 1989, p. 164). Stephen Hess in his book, The Presidential Campaign, observes that:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While some contend that televised debates of 1960 and 1976 elected John Kennedy and Jimmy Carter, those elections were so close that any single factor – including debates – could have been said to have made the difference (Hess, 1988, p. 76). Debates give people an opportunity to learn about those who will be president. This is probably the most positive thing to come out of the televised debates. People build their images about the candidates through their stands on the issues. For the 1960 ebates, Katz and Feldman reviewed studies:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As far as issues are concerned, the debates seem to have (a) made some issues more salient rather than others (the issues made salient, of course, may or may not have been the most important ones); (b) caused some people to learn where the candidates stand (including the stand of the opposition candidate); (c) effected very few chan ges of opinions on issues; and (d) focused more on presentation and personality than on issues (Katz and Feldman, 1962, pp. 173-223). This conclusion shows the importance of â€Å"psychological factors† in voting. As technology develops, researchers try to determine its impact on voting behavior. Technicians use advanced techniques during the presidential debates to get the viewers’ attention. The most impressive effect of the presidential debates is its impact on voters compared to that of other televised political communication in presidential campaigns. In a 1983 study of 2,530 voting-age Americans, ABC News and the John F. Kennedy School of Government noted that voters and non-voters agree that debates are more helpful in deciding whom to vote for than either television news reports or the candidate’s own television ads (Kraus, 1988, p. You read "Impact of Television on Presidential Elections" in category "Essay examples" 28). So it is obvious that such debates will have some impact on the outcome of the elections. Presidential debates are controlled by the candidates in several ways: the decision about whether to participate, the approval of areas of discussion, and the refu sal to debate without panelists (p. 142). The 1988 debates were actually just joint appearances by Bush and Dukakis answering reporters’ questions in two-minute and one-minute segments (Mickelson, 1989, p. 164). The year 1952 witnessed the emergence of the televised spot commercial in politics. The spot is a very short ad designed to convey a specific point or image without going into depth on issues or providing much detail. Since that time, spot commercials have been a main part of presidential campaigns. Joe McGinniss, an expert on campaigns, noticed the importance of the political ads:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is not surprising then, that politicians and advertising men should have discovered one another. And, once they recognized that the citizen did not so much vote for a candidate as make a psychological purchase of him, not surprising that they began to work together (McGinniss, 1969, p. 27). The goals of spots are converting the voters and keeping the committed in line. Also, spots can encourage the voters to go out and vote on the basis of their commitments (Diamond and Bates, 1984, p. 352). These goals are related to the short-term influences of television on voting behavior because spots appear in the last weeks of the campaign. They could make a difference in the outcome of the presidential election. The goals are also related to the long-term influences of television on voting behavior because young voters today have been raised with television and they perceive the political process through the media. The evidence supports the idea that spots, more than anything else, could make a difference in the outcome of the presidential elections. Sidney Kraus makes this point in the book, Televised Presidential Debates:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It came as a surprise to almost everyone in the broadcasting industry to find a major study of the 1972 presidential race (conducted by two political scientists) concluding that voters learned more about Richard Nixon and George McGovern from political spots than they did from the combined nightly newscasts of the networks† (Kraus, 1988, p. 17). Kathleen Jamieson agrees: . . . political advertising is now the major means by which candidates for presidency communicate their messages to voters . . . Unsurprisingly, the spot add is the most used and the most viewed of the available forms of advertising (Jamieson, 1984, p. 446). On the other hand, others argue that spots are not providing the voters good information about the candidates. Theodore Lowi supports that position:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since the brief commercials are built on impressions rather than logic, â€Å"instant replay† benefits the sender, not the receiver (Lowi, 1985, p. 4). Others describe these spots as selling candidates like any other product. These experts ask whether presidential campaigns should be run on marketing principles or political tactics, whether the best candidate or the most telegenic performer wins, whether money can buy enough media to buy elections (Lowi, 1985, p. 65). The emergence of spots has been particularly upsetting to those who believe that political campaigns should inform the voters, not manipulate the opinions of the voters. The growing role of television in the presidential elections and its effects on the public gives rise to an important question: Is this phenomenon healthy for democracy in the United States? Television became an important factor in the election process for several reasons: the decline of political parties, which had been the most important factor; (Wattenberg, 1986, p. 108) developing technology, which provided new opportunities for political television, like spots and debates; and, as a consequence of the decline of political parties, decreasing voter turnout in presidential elections since 1960. For example, only 53. 3 percent of the eligible citizens voted in 1984, the lowest since 1948. This is the same period during which the amount of money spent on televised political advertising tripled (in constant dollars) (Diamond, 1984, p. 352). Experts disagree about how television should function in a democratic society. Proponents see television as part of political socialization, and they believe that voters have profited from the presidential debates and political ads. Proponents do, however, suggest particular improvements in presidential debates. Kraus suggests the following:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Campaign Act of 1971 provides a tax check off to help finance campaigns in presidential general elections, and since the public want presidential debates those who receive funds should debate. Candidates may refuse to debate, but they would not receive public funds (Kraus, 1988, p. 154). Others defend television from a legal perspective. Floyd Abrams defends exit polls as follows:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Once it becomes legal issue, even people who believe that projections are harmful . . . should write and say that the law should not be used to stop people from exercising their constitutional rights (Abrams, 1985, p. 8). Opponents look at television as a harmful factor in the democratic process of electing a president. According to one expert, â€Å"The promise [of] television . . . has collapsed in an era dominated by packaged campaigns and avoidance of issues (Mickelson, 1989, p. 167). Others see the media as the main cause of the d ecline of political parties, which were supposed to be intermediary between the government and the people in a representative democracy, and they believe the decline of the parties will increase the gap between the government and the people. Also, they see the media as a part of the political elite in the United States. Edward Greenberg noticed this point:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most importantly, the mass media are themselves parts of gigantic corporate empires and, while a few among them may experience an occasional episode of â€Å"muckraking† these media are firmly, in the long run, entrenched in the camp of the powerful (Greenberg, 1986, p. 22). Regulations are necessary to control some of the bad effects of the media, particularly television. Exit polls could be regulated so that East Coast poll results are not announced until the last poll on the West Coast closes. Participation in presidential debates should be required of candidates who want to receive campaign funds. Spots should have more regulations than the previous two areas because the candidates use spots to attack each other. For example, in the 1988 elections, George Bush had one spot in which he rode a yacht through Boston Harbor to show that Michael Dukakis is not an environmentalist and which appeared many times during the last days of the campaign (Mickelson, 1989, p. 162). The public got the impression that Dukakis is not concerned about the environment. Spots should be based on facts. This paper demonstrates that the mass media, particularly television, have a great effect on presidential elections. Analyzing exit polls, presidential debates, and spots shows that television does affect the voters and the voting turnout in the United States. Scholars agree on the effects of television on presidential races; however, they disagree on the extent to which television has affected voting behavior and the voters. Television emphasized the decline of political parties in the last four decades. Although some experts believe television in presidential elections is healthy, others believe it is harmful to democracy, increasing the gap between the government and the people. The negative effects of political television on democracy can be eliminated through regulations. Such regulations could permit political television without its dangers. References Abrams, Floyd. (1985, Spring). Press practices, polling restrictions, public opinion and first amendment guarantees. Public Opinion Quarterly 49 (1): pp. 15-18. Caprini, Michael X. Delli. (1984, August). Scooping the voters? The consequences of the networks’ early call of the 1980 Presidential race. Journal of Politics 46: pp. 866-85. Diamond, Edwin, and Stephen Bates. (1984). The Spot. Massachusetts: MIT Press. Epstein, Laurily R. , and Gerald Strorn. October 1981). Election night projections and west coast turn out. American Politics Quarterly 9 (4): pp. 479-91. Greenberg, S. Edward. (1986). The American political system: A radical approach. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. Hess, Stephen. (1988). The Presidential campaign. Washington D. C. : The Brookings Institute. Jamieson, Kathleen Hall. (1984 ). Packaging the Presidency: A history and criticism of Presidential campaign advertising. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Katz, Elihu, and Jacob J. Feldman. (1962). The debates in the light of research: A survey of surveys. In The Great Debates, ed. Sidney Kraus. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 173-223. Kraus, Sidney. (1988). Televised Presidential debates, and public policy. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Lowi, Theodore J. (1985). The personal President: Power invested promise unfulfilled. Ithaca, New York: Cornell   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  University Press. Mcginniss, Joe. (1969). The selling of the President 1968. New York: Trident Press. Mickelson, Sig. (1989). From whistle stop to sound bite: Four decades of politics and television. New York: Praeger. Wattenberg, Martin P. (1986). The decline of American political parties 1952-1984. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. How to cite Impact of Television on Presidential Elections, Essay examples

Looking Out The Window Essays - Eugne Christophe,

Looking Out The Window Looking out the window, a sign on the side of the road reads, ?speed limit 25?. I think it should be much higher, but I suppose residents of the road want to get out of their driveways without being smashed by a speeding car. I look down at the dashboard, which is covered with beer cans (there's no bottles because they always end up finding their way out the window and onto signs and other objects), various coins, and assortments of waste products. Directing my gaze away from the hideous sight of the trash, my eyes wander away and focus in on my speedometer. The pretty little numbers that encircle it go from 0 to 100. As my eyes wander, so does my mind. I think to myself, ?Why do speedometers go up to 100 if the highest speed limits are 55 But I suppose that I put mine to use quite frequently, at the moment its pushing 85. Raising my eyes to look back at the road, I see a sharp right turn coming up very soon. As I come upon this drastic bend in the road, I stomp on the brakes while s wiftly spinning the wheel clockwise. The tires squeal as the rear of the car slides into the opposite lane. I bring the back of the car to join in the lane that they both should be in. I continue down the long slab of asphalt that lies ahead of me. People on the side of the road point and stare as I thunder past them in my chariot. Quite a distance ahead, the traffic light at an intersection turns yellow; signaling to me to slow my automobile so that I will be able to stop once the light turns red. Bringing the auto to a complete halt, I admire the scenery around me. A blue Taurus, a green Jeep Cherokee, and an ugly 1975 Buick LaSabre are just a few of my fellow travelers of the road. The light flashes from red to green. I gently depress the gas pedal at first, but quick as a bolt of lighting, impatience gnaws at my sanity. After I've had about all I could take of this slow speed travel, I thrust my foot into the pedal, pushing it in as far as it will allow itself to be pushed. Crui sing at a leisurely pace of 60 mph, and still accelerating, I peep the rear view mirror. Much to my dismay, I spy a white car with a row of red and blue lights atop of the roof. Behind the wheel is a large man in a blue uniform, with a cheap badge. Checking my speed once again, I come to the sudden realization that I'm traveling at about 70 mph on a 30 mph street with a pig (otherwise known as an officer of the law) behind my speeding car. Casually I try to lower my speed in the hopes that the pig hadn't noticed I was going 40 miles above the speed limit. The chirp of sirens and the flash of colorful lights beckon me to the side of the road. I gently drift to the side of the road and come to a complete stop. The pig fiddles with himself in the car for a bit and then finally opens the door, actually he just cracks the door open a bit. He finally opens the door completely, and steps out. As he does this I take my good friend, mr. .45, and place him behind my back. Just in case officer dunkin mocha wants to cause trouble. After he closes his door, he pulls up his pant and adjusts his belt. He begins the walk to my car at the speed of a rolling donut, as if he were chasing after a Boston cr?me that had fallen from his clumsy hand. Looking into my mirror, I realize that there was a morning snack he was chasing, but it was cruller. The cruller had toppled onto its side right beside my door, and as the pig arrived next to my window, he bent down to pick it up. Thankfully he was facing me when he

Reproductive Medicine essays

Reproductive Medicine essays Reproductive Medicine on the Ethical Frontier I love kids and I always wanted to have them. They said theyd tried it in sheep and it worked. Stacie McBain was recently diagnosed with cancer at the age of 20. Doctors told her that the treatment she would undergo will ultimately leave her infertile. In light of this devastating news was an experimental procedure that had given Stacie the chance to become a mother. Her wish was no longer in the hands of God, but in the technology discovered by a doctor. Such experimental operations have occurred across the globe for over a decade, placing fertility procedures in the eye of an ethical storm (Meyer 94). The question remains are doctors playing God, or just giving infertile patients their wish to become parents? The advances in science and medicine have led to the increase in ethical disputes. For many couples desperate to have children, fertility procedures are a momentous opportunity, which come with a high price. According to the New England Journal of Medicine, in 1994, the fertility industry cost the US Health-care system between $60,000 and $110,000 for each successful pregnancy. Not only are these operations expensive, but also tantalizing and to some immoral. We often get ahead of ourselves in technologically...And the ethics; were still wrestling with those kinds of questions (Silverman). In-vitro fertilization, artificial insemination, and fertility drugs are all available prospects for the infertile couple, today. The Ethics Committee of the American Fertility Society states [ Artificial insemination by donor ] may be the best solution to overcome the infertile couples inability to have their own...child. In-vitro fertilization, otherwise known as test-tube babies, is a process in which doctors remove ovaries and prepare them in a petri dish along with the males sperm ...

When the Standard Deviation Is Equal to Zero

When the Standard Deviation Is Equal to Zero The sample standard deviation is a descriptive statistic that measures the spread of a quantitative data set. This number can be any non-negative real number. Since zero is a nonnegative real number, it seems worthwhile to ask, â€Å"When will the sample standard deviation be equal to zero?† This occurs in the very special and highly unusual case when all of our data values are exactly the same. We will explore the reasons why. Description of the Standard Deviation Two important questions that we typically want to answer about a data set include: What is the center of the dataset?How spread out is the set of data? There are different measurements, called descriptive statistics that answer these questions. For example, the center of the data, also known as the average, can be described in terms of the mean, median or mode. Other statistics, which are less well-known, can be used such as the midhinge or the trimean. For the spread of our data, we could use the range, the interquartile range or the standard deviation. The standard deviation is paired with the mean to quantify the spread of our data. We can then use this number to compare multiple data sets. The greater our standard deviation is, then the greater the spread is. Intuition So let’s consider from this description what it would mean to have a standard deviation of zero. This would indicate that there is no spread at all in our data set. All of the individual data values would be clumped together at a single value. Since there would only be one value that our data could have, this value would constitute the mean of our sample. In this situation, when all of our data values are the same, there would be no variation whatsoever. Intuitively it makes sense that the standard deviation of such a data set would be zero. Mathematical Proof The sample standard deviation is defined by a formula. So any statement such as the one above should be proved by using this formula. We begin with a data set that fits the description above: all values are identical, and there are n values equal to x. We calculate the mean of this data set and see that it is   x (x x . . . x)/n nx/n x. Now when we calculate the individual deviations from the mean, we see that all of these deviations are zero. Consequently, the variance and also the standard deviation are both equal to zero too. Necessary and Sufficient We see that if the data set displays no variation, then its standard deviation is zero. We may ask if the converse of this statement is also true. To see if it is, we will use the formula for standard deviation again. This time, however, we will set the standard deviation equal to zero. We will make no assumptions about our data set, but will see what setting s 0 implies Suppose that the standard deviation of a data set is equal to zero. This would imply that the sample variance s2 is also equal to zero. The result is the equation: 0 (1/(n - 1)) ∑ (xi - x )2 We multiply both sides of the equation by n - 1 and see that the sum of the squared deviations is equal to zero. Since we are working with real numbers, the only way for this to occur is for every one of the squared deviations to be equal to zero. This means that for every i, the term (xi - x )2 0. We now take the square root of the above equation and see that every deviation from the mean must be equal to zero. Since for all i, xi - x 0 This means that every data value is equal to the mean. This result along with the one above allows us to say that the sample standard deviation of a data set is zero if and only if all of its values are identical.

Community development in social work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Community development in social work - Essay Example These processes include the organization or establishment of services, e.g. for social welfare, health protection, education, improvement of agriculture, development of small scale industries† (cited in UNESCO Working Paper for ACC Working Group on Community Development, 1956, 1). The word social work is made up two words, ‘social’ and ‘work’, and has different meanings when observed from the social perspective of different regions in the world. Thus, social work in India would be different from the social work being carried out in Iraq or Afghanistan, which would again differ in America, or UK, or Australia. Social work concept changes from country to country, varying according to the social and cultural environment, and political culture in the country, where one is conducting the social work. Broadly, social work, which is based on the principles of justice for all and human rights, aims to bring about social changes, develop good human relationship s, and to empower people for their own well being and liberation. Community Development, however, does not stop at just being a part of social work. There are many more implications to the word, and it is extremely broad in its scope. While CD does imply social work, today in the modern era of globalization, it also broadly implies the activities of the various political leaders, various civic activists, and the actions of other responsible and aware citizens, who all get involved in the various works done for the betterment of lives in local communities. So it is much more than just social service. CD means empowering the citizens as individuals, or in groups, so that they can learn the skills (often required to create political power to bring about social consciousness on some common agenda) which can be implemented to bring about positive changes. Thus, one may redefine CD as â€Å"Community development is a set of values embodied in an occupation.   It

Requirements for the Front-Desk Services in JW Marriott Hotel Essay

Requirements for the Front-Desk Services in JW Marriott Hotel - Essay Example The report intends to understand the service design procedure along with service design specification for the new technology. Service design is based on developing services for visitors, which is simple to use. It covers the activities, decisions, and responsibilities of employees. Service design is also concerned with providing value to the visitors and to guaranty that they obtain satisfactory experiences with the desired outcomes. In this research, the service design procedure has been used in order to develop the front-desk service of JW Marriott. Furthermore, the idea of introducing electronic pad for better guest services has also been described in the research based on the vision that the introduction of new technology can assist in customizing the specific requirements of visitors. Thus, it will help the front-desk employees to conduct various activities effectively such as reserving a table in proper time or delivering cleaning services as well as managing check-ins and chec kouts of guests among others in a time-efficient and error-free manner. Furthermore, the new technology is also aimed to attract guests to observe the facilities of JW Marriott. In order to make the report, the qualitative method has been followed. To be noted in this regard, the reason for using qualitative method is to gain complex understanding about service element required for JW Marriott when integrating the electronic pad system to enhance error-free and time efficient communication system of its various departments with the front-desk service providers. Furthermore, the qualitative method can also be stated as most suitable for the report, as the information regarding JIT cannot be obtained well through quantitative techniques. Secondary sources have been used accordingly, in order to collect information through desk research. The secondary data provided rich sources of information for understanding the subject requirements and thereby, ensuring quality and validity of the r esearch findings. Data from various organizations involved in the implementation of the JIT system has also been used for collecting information in this study. Furthermore, in order to make the report reliable, only journals, books, academic sources and other credible sources have been used. Evidently, such sources have provided valuable information about service improvement through JIT.

Air Pollution In Trinidad And Tobago Environmental Sciences Essay

Air Pollution In Trinidad And Tobago Environmental Sciences Essay The contamination of the atmosphere by any toxic or radioactive gases and particulate matter as a result of human activity defines air pollution. (EMA State of the Environment Report 2000) Over the years Trinidad and Tobago has focus on industrialization developing several industrial estates but greater focus was made to the energy sectors. They current have three major energy based industrial sites. The Point Lisas industrial estate, Point a Pierre petroleum refinery and Liquefied Natural Gas plant (LNG) located in Point Fortin. Trinidad and Tobago is considered to be one of the most industrialized countries in the Commonwealth Caribbean region. We have been blessed with a vast array of natural resources ranging from oil, natural gas and asphalt to manufactured petrochemicals. Despite the fact that oil production and refining is one of our main industry, petrochemicals and to a lesser extent steel plays great importance in the company economic growth. Trinidad Tobago is worlds leading exporter of both methanol and ammonia, currently they supply the largest source of LNG is exported to the United States. Early views and realization of Air Pollution To the general public air pollution was considered to be chemical emissions and that suspension and secondary pollutants will just dissipate with the aid of the wind and rain. As the country moves into a second wave of industrialization with several proposed plans of building the next economic hotspot in the Caribbean (Invest in TT Downstream Energy), concerns has been made toward the quality of air what we live and breathe. It was only years later when technology began to play an important part in analyzing pollutants and air quality that it was realized that air pollution was just as important as water pollution. The industrial sector in Trinidad Tobago is one of the most dynamitic in the Caribbean and this is reflected in the diverse nature of its pollutants. Table 1 illustrates the numerous industry classes, commodities produced, production process and resulting in air pollutants. Map 1: Existing Proposed Energy Base Industrial Estates in Trinidad Table 1: Industry in Trinidad Tobago and air emission they emit INDUSTRY PRODUCTS SOURCES AIR POLLUTANT Petrochemical Menthol, ammonia, urea, ethanol, liquefied natural gas Fossil fuel processing, industrial processes Carbon Dioxide, Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, Carbon Monoxide Manufacturing Metals, cements, consumer products Manufacturing and extraction process, stock piling of raw materials, fossil fuel burning Carbon Dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter PM (soot, dust, asbestos fibers, pesticides and metals). Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) Transportation vehicles Incomplete combustion Carbon Monoxide, particulate matter Petroleum Refineries Refined oil, oil base products and sulfur /acids production Fossil fuel burning, extraction process, transportation process, storage process, Carbon Dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxides, methane, particulate matter (soot, dust, asbestos fibers, pesticides and metals) Agriculture Animal waste, plant waste Animal waste disposal/processing, rice paddies and wetlands, plant metabolism, land clearing Methane, Carbon monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, particulate matter (dust), VOC Electrical Power generation Electricity Fossil fuel burning, Particulate matters, Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, VOC Mining Quarrying Aggregate Blasting, mining, washing, extraction process Suspended Particulates Matters (SPM); Total suspended particles (TSP); Particulate matters. Wholesale and Retail All consumer products Service station operations, truck filling stations VOC Locations of Main Industrial Sectors With industrialization comes a need for people to benefit with the high level of employment in these areas. The demographic transition cycle in Trinidad and Tobago is fairly predictive with many of the populated areas following the same paths along the industrialized map. (Map 2)In the initial stages of industrial development focus was made on establishing industries in sparsely populated areas. The intention was also to take advantage of the favorable wind direction which would direct most of the air pollutant west ward over (for the most part) approximately 5 miles of uninhabited land space and then to the Gulf, with the intension that the vegetation would be affected in a minor way during the dry season and would be assisted by run off during the rainy season. This idea inadvertently leads to another pollution problem. This proved to be a short term imitative, as these areas soon became an attractive alternative to the long commute thus encouraging the establishment of make- shift villages and shanty towns. This was also fueled by the fact that the southern and eastern main road were in close proximity to these estates. Over time these villages soon became establish resistances acquiring basic utilities and official mailing addresses. The industries were now faced with a new obstacle. They now had to focus their attention to both the environment and the neighboring population. Table 2 identifies the main industrial pollutants found in Trinidad and Tobago and its effects on both the environment and humans. Map 2: Industries and major roadways Table 2: Main Industrial Pollutants and their Adverse Health and Environment Effects POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON HUMANS EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT Carbon Monoxide- CO It is absorbed through the lungs reducing the bloods capacity to transport available oxygen to the tissues. Depending on the exposure level it produces flu like symptoms usually not recognized and may results in death There is minimum effect on the environment. Sulphur Dioxides SO2 Depending on the exposure level it can cause: cause wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath, respiratory illness, alterations in the lungs, it aggravates existing cardiovascular disease. When SO2 combines with water, it forms sulfuric acid, which is the main component of acid rain. When acid rain falls it can cause deforestation, acidify waterways to the detriment of aquatic life. It also corrodes building materials. Acid rain changes the physical appearance of vegetation plants metabolism impaired Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)/Oxides of Nitrogen NOx At low levels it has minimum or no effects on human health. However high levels NO2 can cause respiratory problem, increase a persons susceptibility to, and severity of infections and asthma. It can also affect the sensory system. It is harmful to vegetation, can fade and discolor fabrics, reduce visibility. Vegetation exposure to high levels of NOx can be identified by damage to foliage, decreased growth or reduced crop yield. Volatile Organic Carbon -VOC There are no general health effects of VOC because other gases make up VOCs however some gases may be toxic and/or carcinogen. Levels of exposure and time exposed can cause damage to the liver, kidney and central nervous system. It is known to cause cancer in animals. Suspended Particulates Matters (SPM); Total suspended particles (TSP); Particulate matters. Health effects on SPM in humans depend on the particle size and concentration can cause long term exposure increases the rates of respiratory illness and symptoms. Particulates can accelerate deterioration of surface and material. It has the potential to cause modification of the climate and contributes to acid deposition. Control Strategies Physical, Managerial and Legislative to Air Pollution The visionaries of the early industries focus little on health safety and the environment and this was reflected in the level of controls initiated by the industries. Controls were mainly one dimensional and fail to focus on the holistic views of health safety and environment. Public opinion and outburst resulting from the increasing number of medical complaints and the decrease quality of agriculture produce with allegations pointing towards the emission from these industries, prompted management to use technology to assist in the establishment of more stringent controls. This technology was also instrumental in pinpointing the actual adverse effects as a result of these emissions. Physical Controls The physical control represents the processes responsible for acquisition of raw material, storage, manufacturing and distribution processes. Use of Suppression Techniques The numerous pollutants that emit daily, through smokestacks petrochemical and petroleum industries together with major health effects, force industries to reduce the pollutant at the source. One of the proven ways of reducing these pollutants is installing scrubbers and in other cases bagging houses in the emission system. The use of end -of- pipe technology is being adapted by some industries, it is used to remove already formed contaminants in the air however it is proven to be very expensive and many industries internationally would rather pay the fines for higher emission levels than use this technique. In other words it is regarded as the less of two evils. These techniques force industries to adopt generic prevention strategies and solutions, only resorting to the more expensive techniques when face with dire consequences. Environmental Friendly Process With increasing pressure from environmental activists calling for industries to be more sensitive towards the environment, many industries have restructured their processes whereby recycling waste material as a new raw material to produce a second product. This process has been adapted by Methanol Holding Trinidad Limited (MHTL) were they have constructed an AUM plant. This plant is the first of its kind in Trinidad and Tobago being the most environmental friendly of the MHTL family. This plant comprises a diversified petrochemical complex to manufacture Urea Ammonia Nitrate (UAN) and Melamine using feedstock from integrated urea and ammonia plants. (MHTL) The local cement factory adopted several controls strategies to deal with the air pollution problem within its manufacturing process. A change from blasting to stripping of the main raw material (limestone) aided in the reduction of dust emissions that was affecting the neighboring community at their quarrying central Trinidad. The transportation of the limestone was also change from dry to wet thus also reducing the potential dust particles entering the atmosphere during transportation from quarrying to the process plant. At the out skirts of the processing plant itself major landscaping was done to create hills around the factory adorned by buffer trees with sole intension is to reduce the level of dust exposure to the neighboring community. Managerial Controls Self Regulation These controls consist of policies, systems and standards that govern and manage the organization. The establishments of the Key Performance Indicators (KPI) help management keep focus in order to sustain established targets. Company policies and procedures acts as guidelines to maintain order and structure within the organization. The introduction of ISO standards advertises the companys procedures to the industrial world thus ensuring that whatever measures initially introduced are sustained by the certification audits conducted annually by an international process auditors. Legislative Controls Currently in TT there is no legislation that refers directly to controlling of air pollutant emitted by industries. This is merely due to the fact that early monitoring system generally focus on water and land pollution the understanding of air pollution did not produce tangible evident because of technological short falls. The existing legislation addresses non specific air pollutants like the Petroleum Act (rev. 1980) section 29 (1) (j) prevention of air pollution and the Public health ordinance (1950), section 70 (1) (m) prohibits blacks smoke from chimneys. Even though the EMA was establish and is the countrys sole environmental body responsible for managing, regulating and coordinating environmental matters. The EMA has only managed to draft the Air Pollution Rules 2001 however to date 2010 these rules have not been made law. Trinidad and Tobago being a member of the Commonwealth and the United Nations has benefited from the research and technological advancement from these more developed countries (MDC). Initiatives such as the Montreal Protocol (1989 the control of CFCs) and the Kyoto Protocol (1997 the reduction of Greenhouse Gases) assisted the legislative process of TT by association. The only way legislative was establish was by piggy backing on the achievement of the more developed countries it seems that this was the only way the law maker could have had any impact on defaulters of air pollution in Trinidad. Only when legislation is pass the country can benefit from some effective control measures where polluters are prosecuted and emission limits are set for all industries. Conclusion Trinidad and Tobago historically is a nation of followers there have been very few instances where we were not promoted or assisted in some way or the other in achieving established goals and the topic of pollution is no exception. Have we ever wonder why the one establish air pollution laws stems from a diplomatic relations within the commonwealth and the United Nations or why we had to wait until the advent of OSHA to enforce existing safety laws in our country. The answer is simple we are still waiting to follow no wonder legislation spear headed by locals are treated with scan courtesy. Had these laws been establish in some first world convention they would have been rooted in the seams of our judicial system years ago? Many of the existing pollution laws governing the more develop countries were mainly as a result of international pressure, sadly Trinidad and Tobago is not view as a major polluting nation because of its geographical location and size. Evidence of pollution aware ness is mainly seen in the new establish manufacturing countries whose parent companies originate overseas. It is only amongst of fellow less develops countries and Caribbean members that Trinidad and Tobago is recognize as a polluting nation sadly these countries have little impact on global view. Despite our shortcomings, internally there has been an intensified effort to effectively monitor record, control and enforce pollution reducing systems and strategies. Internationally the over site of Trinidad and Tobago (a country that can easily fit into the Orinoco River with a population that barely exceeds large town in the United States) has not deterred local efforts to manage the levels of air emissions.